Today, I would like to talk to you about the fascinating topic of human imagination. Our imagination is a powerful tool that enables us to create, innovate, and explore alternative possibilities. It is the ability of the human mind to generate mental simulations of various scenarios, ideas, and outcomes that can be used for problem-solving, creativity, and innovation.

Imagination plays a crucial role in our lives, from our earliest childhood memories to our most profound and ambitious goals. It allows us to visualize and create new worlds, stories, and inventions that can inspire and influence others. Without imagination, we would not have the incredible works of art, literature, science, and technology that we enjoy today.

Our imagination is not just a source of inspiration, but it also helps us to explore new ideas and possibilities. It enables us to think creatively and come up with innovative solutions to complex problems. Through our imagination, we can visualize different scenarios, test different ideas, and come up with the best possible solutions.

Furthermore, imagination is not just a personal attribute, but it is also a social one. We can share our imaginations with others and collaborate to create something new and exciting. In this way, imagination fosters social cohesion and enables us to work together to achieve our common goals.

In conclusion, human imagination is a powerful tool that has the potential to shape and transform the world around us. It enables us to dream, create, and innovate, and it is essential for personal and social growth. So let us continue to use our imagination to explore new ideas, create new works of art, and solve the complex problems of our world.

Another important aspect of imagination is that it is not just limited to the visual sense. We can imagine sounds, smells, tastes, and textures, and we can even imagine emotions and feelings. This ability to create a rich, multi-sensory experience in our minds is crucial for creative thinking, problem-solving, and innovation.

Furthermore, imagination is not a static ability but one that can be developed and improved over time. Just as we can train our bodies through exercise, we can train our minds to become more imaginative through activities like reading, playing music, engaging in creative writing, and other forms of art.

Finally, it’s worth noting that imagination is not just an individual attribute but is also a social one. We can share our imaginations with others through stories, art, and other forms of communication, creating a shared experience and fostering social bonds.

In summary, imagination is a vital aspect of human cognition, enabling us to explore and manipulate mental images, generate mental simulations, and create new ideas and possibilities. It is a multi-sensory, dynamic ability that can be developed and shared with others, making it an essential tool for personal and social growth.

Section 1 text 5

c) unusual

b) is in Italy

a) two French words

You can see the presentation with link

Body language refers to the non-verbal cues we use to communicate. These non-verbal cues make up a huge part of everyday communication. In fact, body language can make up 60% to 65% of all communication.

Body language can help us understand others and ourselves. It gives us information about how people might feel in a given situation. We may also use body language to express feelings or intentions.

Understanding body language is important, but it’s also important to pay attention to other cues, such as context. In most cases, you should consider alerts as a group rather than focusing on a single action.

Body Language – Facial Expressions
facial expressions

Depending on the facial expression, a person can convey many different expressions at once, a smile can mean approval or happiness. A frown can signal displeasure or unhappiness.

In some cases, our facial expressions can show our true feelings about a particular situation. Although you say you feel good, your facial expression may indicate otherwise.

Here are just a few examples of emotions that can be expressed through facial expressions:
Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Confusion, Excitement, Desire, Contempt
A person’s facial expression can even help determine whether we trust what they are saying.

The eyes are often referred to as the “windows to the soul” because they can tell a lot about what a person is feeling or thinking. The best way to read someone’s body language is to pay attention. Pay attention to any of the following eye signals:

Pinpoint Pupils (Miosis): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Eyes

When a person looks directly into your eyes during a conversation, it shows that he is interested and attentive. However, prolonged eye contact can seem threatening.

On the other hand, breaking eye contact and frequently looking away can indicate that the person is distracted, uncomfortable, or trying to hide their true feelings.

Mouth

Mouth expression and movement can also be important when reading body language. For example, nibbling on the lower lip can indicate that the person is feeling anxious, fearful, or insecure.

Wrinkled lips. Pursing the lips can be a sign of disgust, disapproval, or distrust.
Lip biting. People sometimes bite their lips when they are worried, worried or stressed.
Covering your mouth. When people want to hide an emotional reaction, they may close their mouth to avoid smiling.
Up or down. Minor changes in the oral cavity can also be a subtle indicator of a person’s well-being. When the mouth is slightly raised, it may indicate that the person is feeling happy or optimistic. On the other hand, a slightly raised mouth can be a sign of sadness, approval, or even just a frown.

Body Language communication in the 21st century – Elearn College
Arms and legs

Crossed arms can indicate that the person is feeling defensive, self-protective, or withdrawn.
Standing with hands on hips can show that the person is ready and in control, and can also be a sign of aggression.
Clasping hands behind the back can indicate that the person is bored, anxious, or even angry.
Rapid finger tapping or restlessness can be a sign that the person is bored, impatient, or upset.
Crossed legs may indicate that the person is feeling closed off or in need of privacy.

Well, if I don’t finish it today, I won’t give it to the teacher tomorrow.
I see- and if you don’t give it to her, she will be angry with you.
That’s right .
Well, I’ll be angry with you if you don’t come into town with me.
Oh, no! Look- if I come with you, will you help me later with the homework ?
OK-it’s a deal!

3. The book was so interesting that he read it 3 times.
I didn’t enjoy the film last night-it was very dull.
I don’t like the painting at all-I think it’s really ugly.
Those sunglasses are great-you look really cool in them.
Next week we’re going to Florida on holiday-we’re all very exited.
I told him all about myself but I don’t think he was interested in listening to me.

4. Ellie and Josh are hungry-again!
Well, perhaps they should eat more breakfast in the morning.

Are you worried about the test tomorrow ?
Yes, a bit. I think I should be more relaxed about it.

Let’s go for a walk in the park.
No, it’s almost dark. We shouldn’t go this evening.

I’ve got a really bad cold.
Yes, you have. You shouldn’t go to school today.

I don’t know why he’s so angry with me.
It’s because you were rude to him. You should be more polite , you know.

5. Have you ever tried scuba-driving?
No, I have never been in the sea.

Have you ever stayed awake for 24 hours?
no, and I have never slept for 24 hours!

I have never eaten Japanese food.
really? So, you have never tried sushi?

link of the book

Woodrow Wilson, a leader of the Progressive Movement, was the 28th President of the United States (1913-1921). After a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War I, Wilson led America into war in order to “make the world safe for democracy.”

Like Roosevelt before him, Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the personal representative of the people. “No one but the President,” he said, “seems to be expected … to look out for the general interests of the country.” He developed a program of progressive reform and asserted international leadership in building a new world order. In 1917 he proclaimed American entrance into World War I a crusade to make the world “safe for democracy.”

Wilson had seen the frightfulness of war. He was born in Virginia in 1856, the son of a Presbyterian minister who during the Civil War was a pastor in Augusta, Georgia, and during Reconstruction a professor in the charred city of Columbia, South Carolina.

He was nominated for President at the 1912 Democratic Convention and campaigned on a program called the New Freedom, which stressed individualism and states’ rights. In the three-way election he received only 42 percent of the popular vote but an overwhelming electoral vote.

Wilson maneuvered through Congress three major pieces of legislation. The first was a lower tariff, the Underwood Act; attached to the measure was a graduated Federal income tax. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act provided the Nation with the more elastic money supply it badly needed. In 1914 antitrust legislation established a Federal Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business practices.

Another burst of legislation followed in 1916. One new law prohibited child labor; another limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day. By virtue of this legislation and the slogan “he kept us out of war,” Wilson narrowly won re-election.

Father of the League of Nations

President Woodrow Wilson of the United States won the Peace Prize for 1919 as the leading architect behind the League of Nations. It was to ensure world peace after the slaughter of millions of people in the First World War.

Since President Wilson was not present at the award ceremony on December 10, 1920, Albert G. Schmedeman, United States minister in Oslo, accepted the prize in his behalf. Mr. Schmedeman’s speech¹, which included the reading of a message from President Wilson, follows:

“In accepting the honor of your award I am moved not only by a profound gratitude for the recognition of my [sincere and] earnest efforts in the cause of peace, but also by a very poignant humility before the vastness of the work still called for by this cause.

May I not take this occasion to express my respect for the far-sighted wisdom of the founder in arranging for a continuing system of awards? If there were but one such prize, or if this were to be the last, I could not of course accept it. For mankind has not yet been rid of the unspeakable horror of war. I am convinced that our generation has, despite its wounds, made notable progress. But it is the better part of wisdom to consider our work as one¹ begun. It will be a continuing labor. In the indefinite course of [the] years before us there will be abundant opportunity for others to distinguish themselves in the crusade against hate and fear and war.

There is indeed a peculiar fitness in the grouping of these Nobel rewards. The cause of peace and the cause of truth are of one family. Even as those who love science and devote their lives to physics or chemistry, even as those who would create new and higher ideals for mankind in literature, even so with those who love peace, there is no limit set. Whatever has been accomplished in the past is petty compared to the glory and promise of the future.

Woodrow Wilson”

Translation of the speech in Aarmenian

«Ընդունելով ձեր պարգևի պատիվը, ես հուզված եմ ոչ միայն իմ խորին երախտագիտությամբ խաղաղության գործում իմ [անկեղծ և] եռանդուն ջանքերի ճանաչման համար, այլև շատ ցավալի խոնարհությամբ՝ դեռևս պահանջվող աշխատանքի հսկայականության առջև։

Կարո՞ղ եմ չօգտվել այս առիթից՝ հարգանքս հայտնելու հիմնադրի հեռատես իմաստության հանդեպ՝ շարունակական մրցանակների համակարգ կազմակերպելու հարցում: Եթե լիներ միայն մեկ նման մրցանակ, կամ եթե սա լիներ վերջինը, ես, իհարկե, չէի կարող ընդունել այն: Քանի որ մարդկությունը դեռ չի ազատվել պատերազմի անասելի սարսափից: Համոզված եմ, որ մեր սերունդը, չնայած իր վերքերին, նկատելի առաջընթաց է գրանցել։ Բայց իմաստության ավելի լավ մասն է, եթե մեր աշխատանքը մեկնարկած համարենք: Դա կլինի շարունակական աշխատանք: Մեզնից առաջ [նախորդ] տարիների անորոշ ընթացքում ուրիշների համար մեծ հնարավորություններ կլինեն առանձնանալու ատելության, վախի և պատերազմի դեմ խաչակրաց արշավանքում:

Այս Նոբելյան մրցանակների խմբավորման մեջ իսկապես առանձնահատուկ պիտանիություն կա: Խաղաղության գործը և ճշմարտության պատճառը մեկ ընտանիքի են: Ինչպես նրանք, ովքեր սիրում են գիտությունը և իրենց կյանքը նվիրում են ֆիզիկային կամ քիմիային, ինչպես նաև նրանք, ովքեր գրականության մեջ նոր և բարձր իդեալներ են ստեղծելու մարդկության համար, այնպես էլ նրանց հետ, ովքեր սիրում են խաղաղություն, սահման չկա: Այն, ինչ կատարվել է անցյալում, չնչին է ապագայի փառքի և խոստման համեմատ:

Վուդրո Վիլսոն

Ukrainians decorate their Christmas trees with spider webs.

While it sounds ominous, this tradition is actually rooted in a heartwarming folktale about a poor widow who found a Christmas tree for her children. However, she had no money to decorate it, so on Christmas Eve, she went to bed crying. That night, spiders heard her tears and proceeded to cover the tree with delicate, glistening webs. Some versions of the story say the webs actually turned into silver and gold, while others say they merely looked like precious metals—either way, the widow felt rich come Christmas morning.

“Spiders have always been considered ‘good luck insects’ in Ukrainian tradition,” Lubow Wolynetz, folk art curator at the Ukrainian Museum in New York City, told Today. In honor of this, many Ukrainian families decorate their trees with silver and gold cobwebs and spiders today.

Thomas Edison’s colleague was the first to put electric lights on a Christmas tree.

Some people say Thomas Edison himself did this, but let’s not let Edison take more credit than he deserves. It was actually his colleague and friend, Edward Johnson, who first thought of putting electric lights on a Christmas tree instead of the traditional candles, according to the Library of Congress. However, the first bulb-lit tree did stand in Edison’s power plant in Manhattan in 1882, set on a rotating box so that passersby could see all 80 blinking red, white, and blue lights. No one had seen anything like it.

Early Romans were the first to celebrate with firs.

Evergreen trees have been synonymous with Christmas for centuries. Early Romans used evergreens to decorate their temples for Saturnalia, a festival they celebrated in December. When Christians began associating the birth of Christ with these previously existing winter holidays, they picked up on the evergreen tree as a symbol of eternal life, explains Dixie Sandborn of Michigan State University Extension.

The first artificial Christmas trees were made of dyed goose feathers and wire.

If you prefer an artificial tree, you’re not alone. It’s a cheaper and lower maintenance option, giving parents and pet owners one less thing to worry about during the holidays. Artificial trees date back to the 1880s, when Germans looking to offset deforestation made the first ones from dyed goose feathers held together with wire. Since then, people around the world have made fake trees out of aluminum, cardboard, and glass, although most artificial Christmas trees sold today are made out of PVC plastic.

Germans believe it’s bad luck to put up your tree before Christmas Eve.

In order to avoid bad luck at Christmas, some Germans believe you should erect your Christmas tree no sooner than Christmas Eve (or sometimes the 23rd) and take it down no later than Twelfth Night (Jan. 5). In some predominately Catholic countries—Ireland, Italy, Argentina, etc.—the tree goes up on Immaculate Conception Day (Dec. 8) and comes down on Epiphany (Jan. 6), though some Catholics extend that to Candlemas (Feb. 2), according to Italy Magazine. However, everyone can agree that you should definitely not put your tree up before Halloween (or in America, before Thanksgiving).

Popcorn garland is a truly American tradition.

All it takes is some popcorn, cranberries, a needle, and dental floss to make your very own homemade Christmas tree garland. Though Germans traditionally decorated their trees with cookies, nuts, and fruit, Americans in the 1800s adapted that custom to long strings of popcorn and cranberries. While it’s unknown exactly why popcorn was chosen—likely because it was inexpensive—cranberries are perfect, since their waxy coating keeps them from spoiling quickly.

1. The new chemical was being tested when it exploded.
2. How could you insult the manager? You might have been fired.
3. She has been informed of everything.
4. When I opened the cupboard, I saw that all the cookies had been eaten.
5. You wouldn’t be allowed to be so late if you worked for me.
6. After being sent off he insulted the referee.
7. A new restaurant is going to be opened in our street next week.
8. The question is still being discussed at the meeting.
9. The car isn’t  there anymore. It must have been stolen.
10. He hadn’t been told about the decision and got angry.